Prevention of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer

p16INK4A expression in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer among women and is more common in developing countries such as India, due to lack of good screening tests. The efficacy of the Pap smear is hampered by high inter-observer variability and high false positive and false negative rates. Liquid based cytology has not been shown to improve sensitivity or specificity when compared to Pap s...

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

The theoretical and practical reasons for replacing the terms "cervical dysplasia" and "cervical carcinoma in situ" by the single diagnostic entity of "cervical intraepithelial neoplasia" are reviewed and the advantages and drawbacks of this newer terminology discussed. The histological characteristics and cytological features of the various grades of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia are desc...

Colposcopy and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

Cervical cancer is both preventable and curable. It has a long natural history with a prolonged pre-cancerous phase that is easily detectable and treatable. Exfoliative cytology has been the mainstay for screening of cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN). Assessment of women presenting with abnormal cervical cytology and the selection of those requiring treatment relied mainly on colposcopi...

Treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

Cervical Glandular Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CGIN)